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This step is why we made sure that IPv6 is enabled on our connection earlier; as if you do not have it turned on, you will receive an error message on this phase.

It will ask you if you want to adjust group membership and GPO settings, which you absolutely will want to do. This may not necessarily be required in a test environment, but it is essential in a production one. Rather, we can select a particular group of computers from AD, which can be quickly modified through standard methods.

We can verify that the GPO settings are assigned to the proper group in Group Policy Management available via our Domain Controller or other standard means. If we have configured everything properly, the next time the system reboots we will be using DirectAccess.

DirectAccess does have a high bar to entry, and is not for everyone that is certain. That being said, it has the potential to be well worth it if your organization needs something fast and completely supported from a single vendor from end to end. A new tab for your requested boot camp pricing will open in 5 seconds. If it doesn't open, click here. During that time, he has covered a broad swath of IT tasks from system administration to application development and beyond. He has contributed to a book published in entitled "Security 3.

Your email address will not be published. Posted: January 19, We've encountered a new and totally unexpected error. Get instant boot camp pricing. Thank you! In this Series. Related Bootcamps. Computer Forensics. Ethical Hacking. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Operating system security. June 2, In addition, your IT administrators can manage DirectAccess client computers whenever they are running and Internet connected.

Using Remote Access in Microsoft Azure is not supported. For more information, see Microsoft server software support for Microsoft Azure virtual machines. DirectAccess provides support only for domain-joined clients that include operating system support for DirectAccess.

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Incorrectly configured networking settings can also cause a DirectAccess server to "lose itself", resulting in the console hanging and your only recourse to be a complete server re-prep so that you can start over. Make sure your NICs are configured correctly! At this point, the astute among you are saying, "Wait a minute, we only put a default gateway on the External NIC, not on the Internal. My network is comprised of many internal subnets, and this server isn't going to be able to contact any of those subnets without a default gateway!

Because we can only have one default gateway and it must go on the external interface, we have to define our internal network manually, through the use of the Windows routing table. Your server will automatically have access to resources that are in the same subnet that you are physically connected to, so if your IP address is The DirectAccess server will have access to everything in If, however, you have additional subnets, You do this through the use of route commands, issued from either the Command Prompt or the PowerShell interface.

I find that most folks are more familiar with Command Prompt, so let's use that to make our changes. First we'll start with the example listed previously. Say my DirectAccess server is All we have to do is run a simple command on your DirectAccess server to make this happen. Here is an example of the syntax of that command:.

Without —p, the next time the server restarts, the route would be lost. Think of this as the "first hop" that you must cross in order to contact this new subnet. In our example, the gateway is Since we have dual network cards in this server, it is important that we are applying these route statements to the internal card. There is a flag that we will set at the end of our route commands that binds our route to a particular card, and most of the time Windows does a good job of assigning it to the correct one without validating this IF number, but I have seen a few cases where it didn't, so I always specify it as a best practice.

If you scroll up to the very top of your route print, you will see each network interface that is on the system listed, with an IF number listed to the left of the name.

That is where the Network Connections screen comes in. If you take a look at the full name of the Internal NIC, match it up with the full name listed for one of the NICs in the route print; there you have it.

Taking that Interface ID number combined with the sample route statement above, let's go ahead and build the route statement that we would need to successfully grant access to the If you have entered all of the information correctly, you should see the following OK!

Now, before you start dreading the huge script that you might be thinking about creating to include the potentially hundreds of route statements you may need in your network, read this first. Depending on the layout of your network, it may be possible to include a much broader route statement and cover all of your subnets in one fell swoop. Building on our previous example, what if your DirectAccess server was You could cover all of these subnets and tell them to all flow through the Internal NIC with the following single command:.

Or even broader. And by the way, this is of course not only limited to subnets starting with Another example I can give which I have encountered numerous times in different customer networks is the following one:. Take care that you do not specify a route that is so broad that it encompasses the subnet of the External NIC. If you add a route to the Internal interface which includes the subnet for the External NIC, you will cause major confusion on the server and will almost certainly stop DirectAccess from working.

You should now have all the information you need to finalize your IP addressing and routing on your DirectAccess servers. These steps are necessary on each server. Just one more side note to add here; implementing DirectAccess in the single NIC configuration isn't something I see much in the wild, but in those cases you would not have to go through this process of adding routes.

This is because in a single NIC configuration, you would be assigning a default gateway right on the single NIC that is in use, and that gateway is going to cover any routes that you may have to enter otherwise. Now that our network traffic is flowing, we need to finalize a couple of other regular items on the DirectAccess server.

First is setting the hostname. While this seems like a menial, regular task, don't take it lightly. It is recommended that once your hostname is set, it should not be changed in the future. So choose the name carefully, and choose a name that meets your naming standards. It is not recommended to change the hostname of a DirectAccess server, because there are items external to the server itself which are bound to that particular name, such as Group membership, Group Policy Objects GPOs filtering, and certificates.

A change in the hostname of a DirectAccess server will result in a number of external factors needing to be changed, adjusted, or reissued, and there is a huge potential for problems. So all that to say—choose your name wisely and don't think you can name it DA-Test for now, and simply rename it later.

Once your name is set, it is time to join it to the domain. This is required for DirectAccess to work, as the solution is tightly integrated with Active Directory. You do not have to join it to the same domain as the rest of your internal network or the same domain as the DirectAccess client machines, but whatever domain you join it to must have a two-way trust to those domains, so that traffic can flow successfully between the DirectAccess server and the resources with which it is going to interact.

I highly recommend prestaging the computer account for your DirectAccess server s in Active Directory before you join them to the domain. This is not required, but I recommend it because I have seen many cases where upon joining the domain, a DirectAccess server had some existing GPOs applied to it which disabled items in Windows that are necessary for DirectAccess to function.

What I see most often are GPOs in place on the network which disable or make changes to the Windows Firewall, and if any of these policies get applied to your DirectAccess servers, it will certainly interfere with operability.

Try your best to make sure that no existing polices get applied to the servers at all. It is best to create a separate Organizational Unit OU for them to reside in, which blocks the inheritance of existing policies. In the end, there are going to be policies that need to apply to them, the actual DirectAccess Server policy for example, but try to keep them as clean as possible from changes.

Once you have DirectAccess connectivity established and working, you can try applying your policies one at a time if you so choose, but keep in mind that if a GPO gets applied and changes are made, then simply removing the device from that GPO's filtering doesn't always reverse the settings that were changed. It is possible that you could break the DirectAccess server to the point that the quickest resolution is to re-prep the server and start over, so tread lightly here.

Your server is almost ready to service DirectAccess connections! The last thing we want to do before adding the Remote Access role is to put all of our certificates into place on the server. We will talk more extensively about certificates and what options are available to us in Chapter 2 , DirectAccess Environmental Best Practices , but in almost every implementation there are two certificates with which you want to be concerned at this point.

For the purposes of this book, we're not going to talk much about what IP-HTTPS is, but the key for this section is that we need an SSL certificate installed onto the DirectAccess server that is going to validate the connections coming in. Any time that you want to view, add, or change certificates on a DirectAccess server, you are best to do so using the Certificates snap-in for the Microsoft Management Console. Then choose the Certificates snap-in.

When you click on the Add button, you will be prompted to choose which certificate store you want to manage. We always want to choose Computer account when we are dealing with DirectAccess certificates.

The other certificate that we want to make sure exists in this same certificate store on the DirectAccess server, in almost every DirectAccess implementation scenario, is a machine certificate that has been issued by your internal Certification Authority CA server. Many companies already have something called autoenrollment enabled in their network which automatically issues certificates to machines as soon as they join the domain.

If this is the case, you will already see a or many certificate s listed inside the Personal certificate store. If this certificate was issued from the internal CA server and the subject name of the certificate matches the FQDN of the DirectAccess server, this certificate may work for IPsec authentication. You can take a look at the next chapter of this book for further details on what criteria the IPsec certificate needs to meet to be successful for DirectAccess.

Otherwise, for this example, we will assume that you do not have an IPsec certificate already assigned to your server, and we will walk through the process of requesting one from your internal Public Key Infrastructure PKI.

Nothing to change or adjust on this screen, simply click on Next. This will poll your internal PKI for any certificate templates that are available to be issued. If your CA server is setup properly, you will see one or more options available to select, and hopefully one of these options is named Computer.

This is a predefined template that exists in Windows CA, and meets all the requirements for a successful IPsec authentication certificate to be used with DirectAccess. You may have also chosen to create a custom template on the CA server that is going to be used specifically for DirectAccess, as detailed in the certificate details section in Chapter 2 , DirectAccess Environmental Best Practices , and if that is the case, then you would have that option available to you as well for issuance.

Either way, simply select the certificate template from the list for which you would like to request a certificate, click on Next , and you will be issued a machine certificate from the internal CA server onto your DirectAccess server, and this certificate will show up in the Personal certificate store. Now that we have all of our settings and prerequisites in place on the DirectAccess server, the last step before we can get into the actual configuration is adding the Remote Access role, and possibly the Network Load Balancing feature, depending on your plan for implementation.

To do this, as with any other role or feature, simply launch Server Manager if not already running, and click on the Add roles and features link from inside the dashboard. Click on Next , then click on Next again choosing the default option for role-based or feature-based installation, and click on Next once more on the screen showing your server name selected in the list.

Click on the Remote Access role and click on Next. You will now be prompted with a screen that shows some additional options that need to be enabled to support the Remote Access role. Go ahead and click on the Add Features button to continue. Our next screen is for adding features to the server, and we may or may not have to do anything on this screen.

If this is your one-and-only DirectAccess server, and you don't plan to ever have more, go ahead and simply click on Next. If you are interested in creating an array, or a cluster of DirectAccess servers in the future, or if this server is going to be an additional node to an existing array or cluster, then make sure to select the Network Load Balancing feature from this list before clicking on Next.

From here you will again be prompted that there are some additional items that need to be enabled to support this Network Load Balancing feature, go ahead and accept that screen to continue. Now simply finish out the wizard using all the default settings, and your server is officially ready for use with DirectAccess!

This ends the section of steps that you want to take on each of your servers to prepare them for use with DirectAccess. After adding the roles, you are now ready to either start actual DirectAccess configuration if this is your primary server, or ready to add this server to your array if this is an additional server that you are adding to an existing DirectAccess environment. For the purposes of this book, I do not have plans to walk through all of the configuration wizards and explain each and every step that will be taken while walking through those wizards.

What I do want to accomplish is to take a minute and point out one critical note. Many of the DirectAccess "walk-through" or "Test Lab Guide" documents that exist will tell you at this point in the process to run the Remote Access Management console and launch that great Getting Started Wizard.

You know, the one where you can "install DirectAccess in 3 clicks! I understand why they included this option, so that literally anybody with a mouse could get some semblance of DirectAccess up and running, but running this wizard follows zero best practices, and I would hope that anyone reading this guide about best practices in your DirectAccess environment would have no interest in taking shortcuts during your install.

I have spoken with many new DirectAccess administrators who didn't actually know they had a choice. It's pretty easy to glaze over the option and just follow whatever quick-start guide you are using and choose the Getting Started Wizard. So, I want to point out the way to launch the real wizards instead. After you add the Remote Access role, your next step is configuring DirectAccess. To do that, while you are still inside Server Manager, you can navigate to the Tools menu and choose Remote Access Management from the menu.

The first screen you encounter here is your fork in the road. Clicking the top link here obviously launches the Getting Started Wizard. The second link listed under it, Run the Remote Access Setup Wizard , is the link that takes you into the full configuration wizards, and is absolutely the way that you want to go.

I cannot tell you to stay away from the Getting Started Wizard without backing that up with a little bit of data, so let's talk about some of the reasons that I recommend handling this wizard with a ten-foot pole.

Hopefully, now that you have read the beginning of this chapter, you know that you should input your certificates onto the server before you even add the roles. Unfortunately, most DirectAccess admins are not aware of this, and so the roles get added and the wizards run before the certificate is in place. When you run the Getting Started Wizard, if your certificate for IP-HTTPS is in place, it will recognize and use it, but if you do not have a valid certificate in place, it will generate and use a self-signed certificate for this purpose.

Using self-signed certificates is fine for a Proof-of-Concept or a Test Lab, but they are obviously a very bad practice for a production environment. Using a self-signed certificate means that your DirectAccess server can be easily spoofed, and the old bit key length used by self-signed certificates is no longer considered to be strong enough.

When you use the Getting Started Wizard, for the sake of saving mouse clicks, it assumes that you want to host the NLS website on the DirectAccess server.

It also issues a self-signed certificate for this site. We will talk some more shortly about the reasons that you want Teredo available to you if possible in your environment, so this again works against best practices in an effort to make implementation as automated as possible. If you have ever run through the real DirectAccess wizards, or have been through the UAG DirectAccess wizards, you know that the client-side GPO settings are filtered out to only the actual DirectAccess client computers by way of Active Directory group membership.

During the wizards, we define the group or groups in Active Directory that are going to contain our DirectAccess client computers, and the wizard defines security filtering on the client-side GPO, so that those settings only come down to the actual DirectAccess computers. This is a great idea! You, of course, don't want a bunch of remote access connectivity settings distributing themselves around your internal desktop computers, or worse yet servers in your network.

The Getting Started Wizard has the potential to do just that. When you click on this mini-wizard, it flags the GPO to apply to all domain computers. Now, it does set a WMI filter on this so that it only applies to mobile computers as defined in the Windows WMI filter, so chances are that if you have already run the Getting Started Wizard in your network, at least these settings aren't running rampant, but those WMI filters are far from percent accurate, and I just dread thinking about all of those networks out there where the link in their DirectAccess GPO right now says "Domain Computers".

This one is pretty obvious, but I'll state it nonetheless. If you run the Getting Started Wizard, you won't encounter all of the optional settings that DirectAccess has available, so you may miss out on some advanced implementation of which you want to make use. This browser is no longer supported. Download Microsoft Edge More info. Table of contents Exit focus mode. Table of contents. Note In addition to this topic, the following DirectAccess documentation is available. Submit and view feedback for This product This page.

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